The microsporophylls are similar to the stamens of the flowering plant. May 18, 2015 the medicinal significance of ephedra is based on the sympathomimetic properties of ephedrine e alkaloids. The various species of ephedra are widespread in many lands, native to southwestern north america, southern europe, northern africa, southwest and central asia, northern china and western south america in temperate climates, most ephedra species grow on shores or in sandy soils with. Martin lo, department of nutrition and food science ephedrinetype alkaloids eta are major active ingredients of ephedra, a traditional chinese medicinal herb used to treat asthma and nasal congestion. It is known for its potential to cure many diseases. Ephedra foliata, with the common name shrubby horsetail, is a species of ephedra the plant is native to north africa, and southwest asia, from morocco and mauritania east to turkmenistan, pakistan, and punjab state in india. Organogenesis in the cultured female gametophyte of. The various species of ephedra are widespread in many lands, native to southwestern north america, southern europe, northern africa, southwest and central asia, northern china and western south america. It is used for the treatment of asthma, cough and hayfever. Pdf the preliminary phytochemical analysis of ephedra alata. Plant usually scandent or almost decumbent, up to 2 m or more long, stems slightly disarticulating when dry, with white pith. Scientific assessment of ephedra species ephedra spp. The subsidiary cells are perigene and the development of stomata is typically haplocheilic.
The preliminary phytochemical analysis of ephedra alata indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. Shrubby horsetail ephedra foliata, ephedra ciliata, local name alanda growing on bushes of ziziphus in a depression in al harrarah. Ephedra foliata, with the common name shrubby horsetail, is a species of ephedra. The plant is native to western asia, the middle east, and central asia, from egypt to iran and india. This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus ephedra family ephedraceae the record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 332926 with original publication details. Within the mediterranean clade, the near eastern e. Meaning, reproduction and economic importance gnetales. Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in its family, ephedraceae, and order, ephedrales. Ephedra containing supplements are banned for sale in the united.
Ephedra, genus of 65 species of gymnosperm shrubs of the family ephedraceae. Enrofloxacin msds pdf baytril 10% injectable solution. Mark has written a book that provides compelling ideas to help create better places to work, practice medicine and receive safe, high quality care. Flat list collapsed flat list expanded threaded list collapsed threaded list expanded date newest first date oldest first 10 comments per page 30 comments per page 50 comments per page 70 comments per page 90 comments per page select your preferred way to display the comments and click save settings to activate your changes. Rowley stockholm university botany department s 106 91 stockholm sweden abstract the pollen wall of ephedrafoliata was examined by lm, sem and tem. The process of making germ free milk by heating it at 62. This category contains the fat burners with ephedra in them if youre uncertain how these supplements are still legal and on the market, then read our massive guide to ephedra on our blog. Integrating cytotoxicity assessment with realtime biosensing kazuko fukushima, master of science, 2004 thesis directed by.
Because of adverse events and lack of efficacy, use is not recommended for weight loss or increased athletic performance. Stock cultures were maintained on lower concentration of 2,4d 1 ppm. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Stacker 2 weight loss stacker 2 microdex 24 cards 12ct blister packs. Organogenesis in the cultured female gametophyte of ephedra. Chemical composition of various ephedra species directory.
The free nuclear divisions continue for about twenty days. Ephedra equisetina, ephedra foliata, ephedra nevadensis, ephedra sinica, ephedra triandra, ephedra trifurca, ephedra viridis selected other species. You can translate the content of this page by selecting a language in the select box. The endophytes were related to firmicutes, actinobacteria and proteobacteria. The female gametophyte of ephedra foliata was used as an explant for the production of haploids as it is composed of haploid cells, all of the same genotype. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics tolerance. Aug 03, 2019 shrubby horsetail ephedra foliata, ephedra ciliata, local name alanda growing on bushes of ziziphus in a silty depression on roadside of a road to zubara, area of al magdah farms. The plant is native to western asia, the middle east, and central asia, from egypt to. Pdf arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi amf are one of the most important drivers of soil ecosystem dynamics.
These ephedra species have medicinal, ecological, and economic value. In vitro callus induction studies in ephedra foliata boiss. Some asian species have been used as a source of the stimulant ephedrine, and many are important in herbal medicine. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ephedra. Leafmorphology and leafanatomy in ephedra altissima desf. A taxonomic genus within the family ephedraceae many asiatic shrubs. Synchrony is the ability of a healthcare process to control the pace of. It enlarges and its nucleus divides several times by many free nuclear divisions to form as many as 256 nuclei in ephedra trifurca and 500 nuclei in e. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The text of this page is licensed under the creative commons attribution license version 3. Mey, known as soma plant according to ancient indian ayurvedic system. Production of plantlets from the female gametophytes of. Ephedra is an evolutionally isolated group and is the only genus in the order ephedrales. In vitro propagation of female ephedra foliata boiss.
Plants have formed the basis of sophisticated traditional medicine systems that have been in existence for thousands of years. Leaves up to 101540 mm long including the ciliate sheath. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Mey is a xerophytic plant and grow sunder adverse soil and climatic conditions such as highlight intensity and high temperature. The phytochemical composition of various ephedra species is not completely. Appropriation and montage in contem by gulizar camci on prezi. Chemical composition of various ephedra species ncbi. Jul 17, 2019 ephedra ephedra sinica is an herb with a long history of use in traditional chinese medicine for asthma, bronchitis, allergies, and cold and flu symptoms. The aim of this study was to measure the total alkaloids. Purpose of assessment the federal office of consumer protection and food safety bvl, in collaboration with the als working party on dietary foods, nutrition and classification issues, has compiled a hit list of 10 substances, the consumption of which may pose a health risk. Ephedra species contain alkaloids ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine. An ephedra foliata in nahilalakip ha genus nga ephedra, ngan familia nga ephedraceae. This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus ephedra family ephedraceae. In vitro multiple shoot induction and plant regeneration from.
These side effects might be more likely if ephedra is used in high doses or longterm. In vitro multiple shoot induction and plant regeneration. Aug 06, 2019 shrubby horsetail ephedra foliata, ephedra ciliata, local name alanda growing on bushes of ziziphus in a depression in al harrarah. To explore the role of endophytic bacteria from a medicinal plant in the production of bioactive compounds, bacterial strains 10 different taxa were isolated from the surface sterilized stem of healthy ephedra foliata. Amf have the potential to improve plant growth and development by modulating key hormonal pathways, which result in decreasing the adverse impact of abiotic stress, such as drought. Ephedra can cause severe lifethreatening or disabling conditions in some people. Background and aims the extant species of the seed plant group gnetales ephedra, gnetum and welwitschia have been considered a remnant of a much greater, now extinct, diversity due to the pronounced differences in form and ecology among the. Exploring the bioactive compounds from endophytic bacteria. Significance of stem and leaf epidermis and cuticle, botanical journal of the linnean society on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Aug 05, 2019 the whole ephedra sinica plant has traditionally been used to treat symptoms of bronchial asthma, colds, influenza, allergies, and hives in teas or tinctures.
Ephedra equisetina, ephedra foliata, ephedra nevadensis, ephedra sinica, ephedra triandra, ephedra trifurca. Green ephedra is a dioecious, scraggly shrub rarely more than 60 cm to 150 cm high. Stacker 2 ephedra free is a powerful recomp formula designed to help stimulate your metabolism and e. It grows on gentle slope in kardang district lahaul. This page was last edited on 11 november 2015, at 20. The genus ephedra of the ephedraceae family contains more than 60 species of nonflowering seed plants distributed throughout asia, america, europe, and north africa. Ephedra foliata also produced ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Bhatnagar sp, singh mn 1984 organogenesis in the cultured female gametophyte of ephedra foliata. The total alkaloids contents of ephedra foliata ephedrine and psudoephedrine were 0.
The epidermal structure of the leaf and stem of ephedra foliata boiss. Pdf arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics. There is also a buyers guide to find the best ephedra pills for you and your needs. Four years ago, the author had access to some plants of ephedra foliata, grown in this. In present study effect of different concentrations of plant growth regulator on nodal sector explants was checked for. The functional megaspore is the first cell of the female gametophyte. Information about the openaccess article chemical composition of various ephedra species in doaj. Ephedra commonly known as joint pine, joint fir, mormon tea or brigham tea is the only genus in family ephedraceae and order ephedrales. The naked seeds are the features, which places ephedra with the classical group, the gymnosperms. The epidermis of internodes and leaves shows longitudinal rows of cells and stomata.
Shrubby horsetail ephedra foliata, ephedra ciliata, local name alanda growing on bushes of ziziphus nummularia on roadside of a road to zubara in area of roliata magdah farms. Exploring the bioactive compounds from endophytic bacteria of. It is found in europe, western and central asia and central and south america. General information about ephedra foliata epefo eppo global database.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi amf are one of the most important drivers of soil ecosystem dynamics. Pharmacological effects depend on the phytocomposition of individual ephedra species. Ephedra use is linked to high blood pressure, heart attacks, muscle disorders, seizures, strokes, irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness, and death. The regeneration of roots was dependent upon the presence of naa, while bap had a modifying effect. Ginklasipika han iucn an species komo diri gud kababarakan. Doaj is an online directory that indexes and provides access to. In the nodes and the leaf bases the stomata are irregularly orientated. Read phylogenetic relationships in ephedra ephedraceae inferred from chloroplast and nuclear dna sequences, molecular phylogenetics and evolution on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
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